Conservation Authorities (CAs) in Ontario are local, watershed-based organizations established under the Conservation Authorities Act (1946) to manage, protect, and restore natural resources within their watersheds. They work in partnership with municipalities but operate independently, with funding from municipal levies, provincial grants, and self-generated revenue. CAs are responsible for flood and erosion control, regulating development in sensitive areas, managing conservation lands, restoring habitats, monitoring water quality, and providing environmental education. Each of Ontario’s 36 authorities oversees a specific watershed or region, issuing permits for activities near watercourses, wetlands, and other environmentally regulated areas to ensure sustainable development and environmental protection.